Present Tense English Languange

Present Tense

CHAPTER 1

PREMINARY

A.    Background

                                    Basically, to master English, the main capital we have to master is to include the tenses problem. How could I not? There are various sources that say that if we were able to master the tenses in English, then we had 60% mastery of English. After that, we only need to develop the remaining 40% by learning other studies in English.

          The reason why we should be able to master tenses is that in such English activities as speaking or writing, we will no doubt use the tenses in their applications in order to make sure that others understand what we mean and what we want to say.

           At its application, when we do not use the formula of tenses in making a sentence, it is almost certain that we will be blamed for the sentences made. Therefore, understanding of security is vital if one is to get in touch with or understand a sentence that one expresses.

          Another advantage of gaining access to the tenses is that we can be sure to understand all the grammatical or grammatical elements of the English language. In turn, all the grammar or grammatical learning we learn in the English is not missing

            of the word order, which is summarized in the 16 tenses available in English.

            Tenses was an important part of English education. If a person wants to master the English well, then he should be able to master the good tenses. Among the tenses forms we'll discuss present tense.

B.     Formula for problems

1.    What is the meaning of the simple present tense,present continuous tense,present perfect tense, and present perfect continuous tense?

2.    What's the use of the simple present tense, present continuous tense, present perfect tense, and present perfect continuous tense?

3.    What are the formulas of the simple present tense, present continuous tense, present perfect tense, and present perfect continuous tense?

C.    Destination

1.      To know the meaning of the simple present tense,present continuous tense,present perfect tense, and present perfect continuous tense.

2.      To know the USES of the simple present tense, present continuous tense, present perfect tense, and present perfect continuous tense.

3.      To know the formula of the simple present tense, present continuous tense, present perfect tense, and present perfect continuous tense.

.

CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A.    The simple understanding present tense, present continuous tense, present perfect tense, and present perfect continuous tense.

a. Simple present tense

          The simple present tense is a simple sentence used to describe a common activity or common custom. Present tense also states an action or activity that takes place at the present time in simple form.

b.    Present continuous tense

          Present continuous tense or frequently called present progressive tense is the time it lasts now. Present continuous tense is commonly used in British English, whereas on American English is more commonly used present progressive tense. Present progressive tense is used to declare events or actions that are happening now or are taking place during a speaking. Present time (now) may also be used.

c.    Present perfect tense

          Present perfect tense is formed with the present tense of "have" plus the past participle from the verb (which can be either regular or irregular in form). Present perfect tense is a tenses used to denote past deeds, events, events that are related to the present or to indicate a brief period of time completed.

d.   Present perfect continuous tense

                                    Stating an event, event and so forth, which "was" and "was" going on and "is still" very likely even "will" continue. Every now and then. The "I was" or "I was" here could have been yesterday, two hours ago, a century ago, could have been a few minutes. The mission is to unfold in the 43rd century continuous tense is actually similar to the present continuous tense, only the suspension is not at this time, but during that time period: I am, I am, I am, I am, I am

B.     Usefulness

a.     Simple present tense

1)      is used to designate a habit that is carried out at times (habit).

                                        Example:

·         I only eat vegetables

·         she drinks tea at breakfeast

·         he visits my house twice a week

2)      is used to declare a repeated action.

Example:

·         I go to market every morning

·         my parents are always at home on Sunday

3)      it is used to declare a common truth, a common truth that goes on and on (general truth)

Example:

·         the sun rises di timur Dan set di barat

·         the earthis round

·         A week have seven week

·         ice is cold

·         fire is hot.

4)   used to state a instruction or direction (direction or directions)

Example:

·         open bottle Dan pour contents into glass

·         You're going to enjoy dinner

5)   used to declare a unchanging situation (arrange)

 Example:

·      His father arrives tomorrow

·      Our new year starts on the 1^st January

6)   used to state with future constructions

Example:

·       She’ll see you before she leaves

·       We’ll give it to her when she arrives

b.   present continuous tense

1)      used to indicate the current event.

 Example:

·      my father is bringing a magazine

·      look! She is smiling at you.

·      She is working now

2)      they are used to designate future events.

Example:

·         What are you doing tomorrow evening? 

·         I am going to cinema tomorrow evening. 

·         I am coming here again tomorrow

3)      they are used to designate events that take place temporarily. Example:

·      I am living with some friends until I find a flat.

·      We are listening the radio before she come

·      He usually plays the drums, but he is playing bass guitar tonight

4)      contempt is used.

 Example: 

·      I am always loosing my key

·        He is continually calling me up   in the night.

5)      a gradual change in an event is used.

 Example:

·      The population of the world is rising fast.

·        Is your English getting better?

c.      Present perfect Tense

1)      to declare past deeds that have continued to this day.

 Example:

·        I have waited you since afternoon

·       He has gone since morning

2)  to explain perfectly completed deeds. 

         Example:

·      Budi has given me a book

·      We have helped him

3)      to explain a deuteronomy act atan uncertain time before the present

example:

·         I have never promised to met her 

·         She has ever met us 

d.   Present perfect continuous tense

1)      to show the current activity that has been worked.

                                    Example:

· She has been sleeping since one hour ago.  (She's been sleeping for the past hour.) 

· We have been walking for a whole day, but we don’t arrive yet.  (We've been walking all day, but we haven't reached yet)

2)      to show you the work that has just been completed and the effects can still be felt at this time.

                    Example:

· It has just been raining all night, and the garden is still wet.

· The fire fighter has just evacuating the victim from that building.

C.    Formula.

a.      Simple present tense

1)   Verbal sentence

   Expresses a simple present tense using a verb (verb)

+	Subject + Verb 1 + Object
-	Subject + DON'T / DOESN'T + Verb 1 + Object
?	DO / DOES + Subject + Verb 1 + Object?
?	Question Word + DO/ DOES + Subject + Verb 1?

                                              Example :

+	I speak English everyday She speaks English everyday
-	I don't speak English She doesn't speak English
?	Do you speak English? Answer: Yes I do, atau No, I don't Does she speak English? Answer: Yes She does, atau No, She doesn’t
?	Why do you speak English everyday ?

a.          The positive verbal sentence formula used is:

                                                for subyek I, You, We, They :

Subyek + infinitive (Verb 1)

for subyek He, She, It :

Subyek + infinitive (Verb 1) + s/es

Description:

            Infinitive is also called the first form verb (verb 1)

Example :

·         I write a letter everyday.

·         She reads a magazine every morning.

·          They visit their grandmother every Friday

          everal rules must be considered when adding s/es to the root verb, which is as follows:

1.      Typically the verb, infinitive, is added to the "s" ending.

No	Verb 1 (infinitive)	Sufple increments  “-s”	Meaning of words
1	Read	Reads	membaca
2	Work	Works	bekerja
3	Write	Writes	menulis
4	Set	Sets	terbenam
5	Shine	Shines	bersinar
6	Sing	Sings	menyanyi
7	Bring	Brings	membawa
8	Eat	Eats	makan
9	Help	Helps	menolong
10	Give	Gives	memberi

2.     The verb (infinitive) ending with "ch, o, s, sh, x, z" plus an ending "-es"

No	Verb 1 (infinitive)	Sufple increments  “-es”	Meaning of words
1	Teach	Teaches	mengajar
2	Reach	Reaches	menjangkau
3	Do	Does	mengerjakan
4	Go	Goes	pergi
5	Kiss	Kisses	mencium
6	Discuss	Discusses	mendiskusikan
7	Pass	Passes	melewati
8	Wish	Wishes	mengharapkan
9	Finish	Finishes	menyelesaikan
10	Fix	Fixes	memperbaiki

3.     The verb (infinitif) ending with the letter "-y" and preceded by the consonants, then the ending "-y" is changed to the "-i" and then "-es." 

No	Verb 1 (infinitive)	Sufple increments  “-es”	Meaning of words
1	Cry	Cries	menangis
2	Carry	Carries	membawa
3	Fly	Flies	terbang
4	Study	Studies	belajar
5	Reply	Replies	menjawab
6	Try	Tries	berusaha

             the verb (infinitive) ending with the letter "-y" beginning with the vowels, simply followed by the ending "-s ".

No	Verb 1 (infinitive)	Sufple increments  “-s”	Meaning of words
1	Buy	Buys	membeli
2	Play	Plays	bermain
3	Lay	Lays	berbaring
4	Say	Says	berkata

4.     If the verb starts with an assisted verb, then don't get an extra "s/es."

No	example	Meaning of words
1	must try	harus mencoba
2	must work	harus bekerja
3	can speak	dapat bicara
4	can write	dapat menulis

b.         The negative verbal sentence formula used is:
                        For subyek I, You, We, They :

Subyek + do + not + infinitive (Verb 1)

                                               

                                                            For subyek He, She, It :

Subyek + does + not + infinitive (Verb 1)

                                               

             

              Description:

                                                            To form a negative verbal sentence must be added "do/does            + not" placed before the verb (infinitive)

                                                            Do is used when the subject is I, you, we, they

                                                            Does used when the subject is he, she, it
                                                                                    In the form of negative verbal sentences, the                                                             additional "s/es" of the verb is eliminated.

                                                            Example :

·         I do not write a letter everyday

·         She does not read a magazine every morning.

·         They do not visit their grandmother every Friday.

c.         Question word  verbal
        When a verbal sentence is used with the question (question word) such as:What (apa), Where (dimana), When (kapan), Who (siapa), Why (mengapa), Which (yang mana), How (bagaimana),  And so the sentence pattern is:   

1.       When the spoken question word does not ask the subject, for example:Where, What, When, Why, Which, How  Usable formulas:

            For subyek I, You, We, They :

Question Word (QW) + do + Subyek + Infinitive ?

            for subyek He, She, It :

Question Word (QW) + does + Subyek + Infinitive ?

Example:

·         Where do you live? = I live in Jakarta

            The answer not Yes or No

·         What does she write? =  She writes a letter.

2.     When the question words used ask the subject, such as who, then the formula as:

Question Word (QW) + infinitive + s/es?

Description:

  

                        in this form, the verb (infinitive) is added to the "s/es" in      accordance with previously defined rules.

            Example: 

·         Who always helps your father?  = My brother always help my father.

·         Who borrows your English book?
   Answer:  Amira borrows my English book

2)   Word Order of Question with Do and Does

             For subyek I, You, We, They :

Do + Subyek + Infinitive (Verb 1) ?

           

             For subyek He, She, It :

Does + Subyek + Infinitive (Verb 1) ?

Description :
            in this form, the verb (infinitive) is added to the "s/es" in accordance with previously defined

Example :

·         Do I write a letter everyday?

·         Does She read a magazine every morning

·         Do they visit their grandmother every Friday?

             the answers needed for the above question are only:

Yes or No

3)   Nominal sentence

   a noun expresses the simple present tense which does not use the verb (nonverb)

+	Subject + To be 1 + Non Verb + Object
-	Subject + To be 1 + NOT + Non Verb + Object
?	To be 1 + Subject + Non Verb + Object?
?	Question Word + To be 1 + Subject + Non Verb + Object?

                       

                                    Example :

+	I am a teacher. She is a teacher.
-	I am not a teacher. She is not a teacher.
?	Are you a teacher? answer: Yes I am, atau No, I am not Is she a teacher? answer: Yes She is, atau No, She is not
?	What are you ? answer: I am a teacher Where is your sister ? answer: She is here

a.      The positive substantiate sentence formula used is :

Subyek + To be + Noun Adjective/Adverb

                                               

                                                Description :

                                                                      Non verb or no verb (verb), could be noun (noun), noun (verb), or verb (verb)

                                           To be customized by the subject sentence.                 

·         is for subyek He, She, It

·         are for subyek We, You, They

·         am for subyek I

Example :
            *You are sad (kata sifat)
            *We are in the library

            *She is a teacher.
            But if the before to be preceded by a verb Bantu, the form to be (is, am, are) changes to be for all subjects.
Example:

            * I must be there. 
            *He can be ill.

b.        Negative substantive sentence formula used is :

Subyek + To be + not +Noun Adjective/Adverb

                       

                                                    Description :
     negative substantive sentence is formed by adding a note behind to be.      

                                                          *You are not sad.
      *We are not in the library.
      *She is not a teacher

c.       Question word nominal formula used is:

To be + Subyek + Noun Adjective/Adverb

 Description :
 This nominal sentence is fromed with to be at the beginning of the sentence.

      Example  :
                  *Are you sad?
                  *Are we in the library?                      

                  *Is she a teacher?

To answer the above wuestion can be used the answer : Yes or No

      Example :
                  Is she a teacher?
      The answer :
                    Yes, she is.  or
                  No, she is not.

      When in question word is used the question word is then the formula is used.

Question Word (QW) + To be + subyek ?

Example :

·    Where is your mother?

 The answer:

·    She is in the kitchen.(Dia ada di dapur.)

Description :
    if ina question sentence is used by the subject you (you), then in the answer sentence should be used by subject I (me).

b.      Present Continuous Tense

a.      Positif form/News

                                                            Subject + is/am/are + V-ing + Object + adverb

                                                Example :

·         you are watching football now

·         They are driving to scholl today

b.   Negative form or Diclaim

                                                            Subject + is/am/are + not + V-ing + Object + adverb

                                                Example :

·         you are not watching football now

·         They are not driving to scholl today

c.        Question form

1)    question yes/no

                                                Is/am/are + Subject  + not + V-ing + Object + Adverb?

                                                Example :

·         Are you watching football now?

·         Are they not driving to school today

2)      Question Wh-

                                                            To form the wh question, add the wh word,(what, where, when,     etc.), change the subject's position and to be, and add a question mark.            

Example :                

·         What are they watching?

·          When are they watching football?

·          Why are they not driving to school today?

                                                Description :

                                                            Is     : is used for subject, she, it                                                                                                          am   : used for subject I                                                         

                                                            are   : :used for subject you, they, we  

c.       Present perfect tense

a.         Verbal Sentence

+	Subject + Have/Has + Verb 3 + Object
-	Subject + Have/Has + NOT + Verb 3 + Object
?	Have/Has + Subject + Verb 3 + Object?

                                                Contoh :

                                                            (+) We have cooked fried chicken for two hours

                                                            (-) We have not cooked fried chicken for two hours

                                                            (?) Have we cooked fried chicken for two hours?

b.        Nominal Sentence

+	S + Have/Has + Been + Nominal
-	S + Have/Has + Not + Been + Nominal
?	Have/Has + S + Been + Nominal

                                   

                                                Example :

                                                            (+) Iqbaal has been handsome since five years old

                                                            (-) Iqbaal has not been handsome since five years old

                                                            (?) Has Iqbaal been handsome since five years old?

                                                To be :

Have	I, You, They, We
Has	She, He, It

                                                Note:

         we do not use present perfect with a verbs referring to the time of the past:          

·         I've seen that film yesterday.

·         We just bought a new car last week.

                                    But we use it to refer to an unfinished time:

·         Have you seen Helen today? ·

·         we has bought a new car this week.

d.      Present perfect continuous tense

            for the knowledge that to create the current tense formula, we need three elements:

1)    present features of a verb-1; 

2)    perfect characterization is have + verb-3 and 

3)     the continuous attachment is shown to be positive.

            So (verb-1 + have) + (verb-3 + to be) + verb-ing. The first form of have is have, the third form of to be is been

	FORMULA		EXAMPLE
+	Verbal	S + have/has + been + V-ing	John has been sleeping since 3 hours ago
	Nominal	S + have/has + been + nominal	You have been in home for whole day
–	Verbal	S + have/has + not + been + V-ing	I have not been working for a day
	Nominal	S + have/has + not + been + nominal	I have not been stupid like this before
?	Verbal	Have/has + S + been + V-ing	Have you been waiting for me since two hours ago?
	Nominal	Have/has + S + been + nominal	Have I  been sick for three days?

                                    Example : 

§  We have been discussing the problem for several hours. (+)

§  She has not been learning english for 3 years. (-)

§  Has She been learning english for 3 years?. (?

CHAPTER  III

CLOSING

A.    Conclusion

Present tense divided into 4 which is:

1.      Simple present tense

2.      Present continuous tense

3.      Present perfect tense

4.      present perfect continuous tense

                        The simple present tense is splitting in:

                        Simple present tense verb (verbal sentence) is a verb inside which is a verb (verb form),It shows some kind of activity. They can form positive,negative and sentence.

        The simple present tense non verb is a sentence in which there is no verb but bias(noun), adjective (kata ctiva), and adverb (verb). They can form positive,negative and sentence.

         Questions in the simple present tense with do and does is a question sentence used in a Tanya sentence Verbal and nominal using do and does.

        Present progressive tense or called present continuous tense is a form of time used To state an action, circumstance or event that was occurring at the moment of discussion

Subject + is/am/are + V-ing + Object + adverb.

                        Example : We are studying English now.

                        Time references in the progressive tense present are usually a imperative, since the context of the time in the sentence of the command is now/while speaking.

                        Present perfect tense is a tenses used to denote deeds, events, Events that occurred in the past and are either related to the present or to designate an event that was finished ata time  Briefly. As to the deeds done past and are continuing to this day.

         As for the positive verbal formula of the present perfect continuous tense is S + have/has + been + V-ing. · The stopper's perfect continuity function is to show an activity that's been worked and continues to date.

           

B.  Suggestion

           

            By understanding the present tense explanation, it is expected to use it in making the sentence properly and · Learn more about learning to speak English and write properly

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